Friction loss in pipe lab report pdf

Lec16 pipe friction, major loss, minor loss duration. Pdf hydraulic experiment for friction loss coefficient in non. The objective of this experiment is to calculate loss coefficient k value and head loss h l in pipes for different water flow rates, pipe diameters and pipe bends. Ministry of land, infrastructure and transport, report of. Friction loss along a pipe introduction in hydraulic. Doc mec2404 frictional flow in pipe lab report done by. The value for hl is obtained by diving the pressure drops across the sections of pipe by the product of the density kgm 3 of the fluid and gravity ms 2. Friction losses abstractthe purpose of the experiment is to study the differences of roughness, valves and geometries of pipe and how they influence friction losses.

Friction loss al ong a pipe introduction in hydraulic engineering practice, it is frequently necessary to estimate the head loss incurred by a fluid as it flows along a pipeline. Frictional losses in pipe flows the viscosity causes loss of energy in flows which is known as frictional loss. The incompressible steady flow energy equation, including friction loss, would generalise to 22 12,1,2 2212 mm f ppuu zzh gg g g. In mechanical systems such as internal combustion engines, the term refers to the power lost in overcoming the friction between two moving surfaces, a different phenomenon. For both pipes, the flow rate was changed in 6 increments by valve 52 which controlled the flow rate through the system. In mechanical systems such as internal combustion engines, the term refers to the power lost in overcoming the friction between two moving. In this experiment, you will investigate fluid flow in a pipe network and will explore several methods rotameter, orifice and venturi meters for measurement of the fluid flow rate. Evaluation of friction losses in pipes and fittings of process.

Note that a length of pipe between tapping points also contributes to the observed pressure loss. Major losses are associated with frictional energy loss that is caused by the. Pdf hydraulic experiment for friction loss coefficient in. May 14, 2017 friction losses during the flow of fluid in the pipe are due to the friction forces present between the fluid particles and between the pipe wall and fluid particles. For horizontal pipe, with constant diameter this loss may be measured by height of the pressure drop. The total energy loss in a pipe system is the sum of the major and minor losses. This can fit to the losses in piping systems apparatus or be used by itself fitted to a wall and connected to a hydraulic bench.

The friction loss in a pipe is given by equation 15. An experimental study of friction of water in pipes. In this experiment you will investigate the frictional forces inherent in. View lab report friction loss from ce 320a at new jersey institute of technology. Friction loss per 100 coefficient of retardation based on pipe material flow volume gpm inside diameter of pipe v q d p p ff p software, the.

This friction force uses some of the force present in the flowing fluid and due to this difference in the height of manometers present on the same pipe at some distance occurs. Following is a comparison of resultsobtainedbyherriman. This table can be found in most good textbooks on fluid mechanics. The experiment is separated in two components pipe and valves measure. Experiment 1 friction losses in pipesreport reynolds number. By observation, the head loss is roughly proportional to the square of the flow rate in most engineering flows fully developed, turbulent pipe flow. Friction and minor losses in pipelines 3 school of engineering science mechatronics systems engineering 1 return pipe with return valve to water tank 6 crosssection expansion pvc 2032 2 galvanized steel pipe, 12 7 section for interchangeable measuring objects 3 cupipe 18 x 1 8 pipe bend, pipe angle pvc 20x1. University of pennsylvania department of chemical and biomolecular engineering cbe 410 unit operations lab friction factor vs. These microfibrils are insoluble but highly dispersible in the liquid. To compare the reynolds number and darcy friction coefficient 2. The parameter f is called the darcy friction factor. Experiment 1 friction losses in pipesreport doc document. Major losses are associated with frictional energy loss that is caused by the viscous effects of the fluid and roughness of the pipe wall. Head loss is represented by the equation 1 below 1 where f is the dimensionless friction factor, kl is the minor loss coefficient, v is the flow velocity, l is the pipe length and d is the pipe diameter.

Frictional losses in straight pipe run water through pipes of three sizes measure pressure drop across the pipe as a function of flow rate convert your pressuredrop flowrate measurements to b 4 a. When a liquid or gas flows along a pipe, friction between the pipe wall and the liquid or gas causes a pressure or head loss. There are many types of losses of head for flowing liquids such as friction, inlet and outlet losses. Determine these values, plot them on a photocopy of the moody diagram, and estimate the values of ed, and then e, for each pipe. Major losses are associated with frictional energy loss that is caused by the viscous effects of the medium and roughness of the pipe wall. Franklin pecho ce320a 102315 lab report friction loss and minor losses in pipe friction loss and minor losses in. Introduction by know the major head losses due to pipe diameter over a length of pipe and the minor head losses caused by pipe fittings can cut down on cost and raise the overall efficiency of a system. Specifically, the objectives of the experiment would have students calculate the friction factor, pipe wall roughness, and minor loss coefficients. Calculating this loss is fundamental to the design of any pipeline system. Results were taken recorded and used to calculate the friction factor and reynolds number. Doc mec2404 frictional flow in pipe lab report done by md.

Ramith bulumulle 24698512 don gayanga millevithanatchy 24829781 zhi ying lim 23725540 26102014 abstract the principle examined in this experiment was how the frictional flow of a fluid in a pipe relates to the relationship with the fluids reynolds number. Compare with literature corre lations of the same quantity calibrate the motion of the needle valve. In general, with v1 v2 but z1 6 z2, the head loss is given p1. A gate valve provides friction to the flow of the fluid in a pipe. Causes of friction loss can include the movement of fluid molecules against one another, or against the inside surface of the pipe and bends, kinks or sharp turns in hose or piping. Finally, the darcy friction factor can be found using equations 8 and 9 2 8 w m f u.

The frictional resistance to which fluid is subjected as it flows along a pipe results in a continuous loss of energy or total head of the fluid. Muhammad khairil ikramakp0047 akmal faiz bin abdul rahim akp0008 abdul wahab akp4006 ksatriya anantayutya akp4001 report summary. Report please include the following items in a brief report. Establish one flow rate in the minor losses line and record pressure levels across each device. Tecquipment h16 losses in piping systems sudden contraction. Pipe friction summary the purpose of this lab is to find the friction factor and reynolds number for laminar and turbulent flow and also for values in the critical zone. Therefore, the friction loss in the noncircular pipe should be evaluated for the accurate design. Pdf hydraulic experiment for friction loss coefficient.

This experiment allows us to investigate different scenarios of piping, particularly in roughness, geometry and valves. Friction and minor losses in pipelines 5 school of engineering science mechatronics systems engineering where a is the viscosity of the fluid. Hydraulic experiment for friction loss coefficient in noncircular pipe. Chapter 7 flow through pipes 71 friction losses of head in pipes 72 secondary losses of head in pipes 73 flow through pipe systems 71 friction losses of head in pipes. For laminar flows where re 2300, f is a function of both reynolds number and pipe roughness, k. The major head loss in pipe flows is expressed in the following way.

Itisatthesepartsofthe curves that they take a decidedchange indirection. Laminar and turbulent pipe flow lab report objectives following are two objectives of this experiment 1. The pressure drop from the pipe was measured from a smaller pipe 0. Use the template provided to prepare your lab report for this experiment. When working with liquids it is usually better to calculate the friction loss as a head loss, as this makes the hydraulic calculations simpler. Aim this lab could be used in industry when dealing with a pipe line containing any. The major loss is that due to frictional resistance of the. Friction loss in liquids can be reduced with maximum stability by addition of a predetermined amount of selected organopolymeric microfibrils to a liquid 34. Two types of energy loss predominate in fluid flow through a pipe network. Head loss correlations 1 empirical data on viscous losses in straight sections of pipe are correlated by the dimensionless darcy friction factor f. In fluid flow, friction loss or skin friction is the loss of pressure or head that occurs in pipe or duct flow due to the effect of the fluids viscosity near the surface of the pipe or duct.

It includes a pipe with a roughened internal bore, and pressure tapping points connected to a manometer. Consider fully developed flow through a constantarea pipe between section 1 and 2 in figure 3. This pressure or head loss is an irreversible loss of the fluids potential energy. The head loss in a length of pipe is given by the darcy equation. Friction losses lab report fluids 1676 words bartleby. Head loss, pipe fittings, frictional factor, minor loss coefficient. In the experiment described below, we investigate the frictional resistance to flow along a long straight pipe with smooth walls. The energy required to push water through a pipeline is dissipated as friction pressure loss, in m. Additionally, the friction and minor losses can be calculated from the flow and speed of the fluid. The results in figure a2 show that the loss in q due to the gate valve was the lowest 5 m and that due to exit loss was the highest 25 m at q of 40 m3h. The manometer measures the pressure drop due to the pipe. Pdf recently, global warming and climate change has been known. For gas flow a constant density cannot be defined so it is simpler to calculate the friction loss as a pressure.

This may be taken as a definition of the friction factor, f. The primary purpose of this experiment was to evaluate fluid friction in pipes made of stainless steel versus pipes made of pvc. The energy losses due to pressure changes can be seen in every part of a hydraulic system due to the expansions, contractions, bends in pipes, pipe fittings, and obstructions in the pipes. The objective of this experiment is to investigate head loss due to friction in a. For example, it may be desired to predict the rate of flow along a proposed pipe connecting two reservoirs at different levels. The head loss due to friction in a pipe is given by. The pressure losses across the two sections of pipe head loss, hl is used to find the darcy friction factor f for the sections of pipe. The pressure drop for each increment was recorded for the loss due to the pipe and the loss due to the orifice. The following equipment is required to perform the energy loss in pipes experiment. To compare the theoretical and experimental friction head losses in pipe flow apparatus 1. Introduction friction loss is the loss of energy or head that occurs in pipe flow due to viscous effects generated by the surface of the pipe.

A small bore straight test pipe on a base plate for measuring friction loss in a horizontal pipe to study laminar and turbulent flow. Example lab report losses civl2310 fluid mechanics uon. Turbulent reynolds number in pipes, valves, and miscellaneous components abraham arthur, william madden, blake gendron abstract pressure drops for turbulent water flow were measured across stainless steel and pvc pipes of diameters ranging from 38 to 1. Energy losses in pipes used for the transportation of fluids water, petroleum, gas, etc. Experiment 1 friction losses in pipesreport reynolds. Pipe flow lab report 2 048641 fluid mechanics uts studocu. Each loss due to pipe line, gate valve, 45 and 90o elbows and entry and exit losses were correlated to the flow rate and d of pipe in order to establish the. Friction losses are a complex function of the system geometry, the fluid properties and the flow rate in the system. The friction loss in pipes is due to the influence of the fluids viscosity near the surface of the surrounding pipe. The image above is of the friction loss experimental rig showing the different pipes travelling off. Major and minor losses due to pipe diameter and fitting. Where l is the length of the pipe between tappings, d is.

The objective of the first part is to calculate the different kinematic effects of a clean and rusty pipe. Fluid flow is an important part of many processes, including transporting materials from one point to another, mixing of materials, and chemical reactions. Transport, report of trendresearch, republic of korea, 2008. Friction losses lab report fluids essay 1692 words. Friction losses in pipes live experiment 2015 youtube. The knowledge of data of such transformation allows the determination of the necessary power needed for the transportation of the. The experiment was undertaken to measure the head lost in the pipe due to shear stress. Example lab report losses civl2310 fluid mechanics. Experiment 1 friction losses in pipesreport free download as word doc. Major losses occur due to friction within a pipe, and minor losses occur at a change of section, valve, bend or other interruption. These losses are usually converted into head reductions in the direction of the flow. Friction loss along a pipe introduction in hydraulic engineering practice, it is frequently necessary to estimate the head loss incurred by a fluid as it flows along a pipeline. A summary of your entire report in not more than twothirds of a page. Hydraulic experiment for friction loss coefficient in noncircular pipe article pdf available in procedia engineering 154.

The friction factor or coefficient of resistance is a nondimensional measure of the resistance offered by the wall to flow through the pipe. The friction factor for turbulent flow can be calculated using the haaland equation. In fluid flow, friction loss is the head reduction occurred in pipe or duct flow due to the fluid viscosity near the. Mec2404 frictional flow in pipe lab report done by. Pump energy consumption comprises a significant portion of operating costs, and a substantial amount of resources is devoted to purchasing piping and equipment that minimize fluid friction. In this study, hydraulic experiment was set and the friction loss. Johannes fink, in guide to the practical use of chemicals in refineries and pipelines, 2016. The head loss at a sudden contraction is given by the expression. Fluid friction in pipes is particularly important to process design engineers. The head loss along a length l of straight pipe of constant diameter d is given by the expression.